铜在拔节期小麦中的亚细胞分布

为了解小麦对Cu的解毒及耐性机制,通过盆栽试验并采用差速离心法研究了Cu在拔节期小麦根和叶片中的亚细胞分布。研究表明,在Cu胁迫下根和叶亚细胞组分中Cu含量随胁迫浓度的升高呈上升趋势,Cu主要富集在小麦根部,向地上叶片中输送较少,小麦根部Cu含量是叶片中的1.7~4.1倍。细胞质可溶性部分和细胞壁是Cu在小麦细胞内分布的主要位点,分别占总量的36%~81%和14%~48%,细胞器中分布较少,提高Cu胁迫浓度增强了细胞质可溶性部分对Cu的区隔化作用,减弱了细胞壁对Cu的固持作用,同时减少了Cu在细胞器中的分布;叶片细胞壁对Cu的固定作用较强,根部细胞质可溶性部分对Cu的区隔化作用较强。分析表明,细胞壁的沉淀和细胞质的区隔化作用对小麦对Cu的耐性起着重要的作用。     

Uncertainty Reduction of the Flood Stage Forecasting Using Neural Networks Model1

Abstract: The Elman Discrete Recurrent Neural Networks Model (EDRNNM), which is one of the special types of neural networks model, is developed and applied for the flood stage forecasting at the Musung station (No. 1) of the Wi‐stream catchment, which is one of the International Hydrological Program representative basins, Korea. A total of 135 different training patterns, which involve hidden nodes, standardization process, data length, and lead‐time, are selected for the minimization of the architectural uncertainty. The model parameters, such as optimal connection weights and biases, are estimated during the training performance of the EDRNNM, and we apply them to evaluate the validation performance of the EDRNNM. Sensitivity analysis is used to reduce the uncertainty of input data information of the EDRNNM. As the results of sensitivity analysis, the Improved EDRNNM consists of four input nodes resulting from the exclusion of Dongkok station (No.5) in initial five input nodes group of the EDRNNM. The accuracy of flood stage forecasting during the training and validation performances of the Improved EDRNNM remains the same as that of the EDRNNM. The Improved EDRNNM, therefore, gives highly reliable flood stage forecasting. The best optimal EDRNNM, so called the Improved EDRNNM, is determined by elimination of the uncertainties of architectural and input data information in this study. Consequently, we can avoid unnecessary data collection and operate the flood stage forecasting system economically.     

全球系统科学若干问题

全球系统科学是一门关于人类圈同地球圈层关系的学问。本文主要讨论(1)全球系统科学的研究对象;(2)全球系统的进化规律;(3)地球的最新圈层,(4)地球演化的新突变期;(5)全球问题的实质和前景等问题。     

处置萌芽状态突发事件的数学模型探讨

本文应用运筹学方法．从分析突发事件的发生规律入手，建立处置萌芽状态突发事件的数学模型．探讨其环节及对策．为处置突发事件提供定量和定性的分析方法。     

酸雨对水稻不同生育期叶片叶绿体ATP酶的影响

酸雨对植物生长发育具有显著影响。然而,不同生长阶段植物对逆境胁迫的响应存在差异。以模拟酸雨胁迫水稻(Oryza sativa)(孕穗期、灌浆期),利用植物生理生化方法测定了水稻叶肉细胞叶绿体Mg2+-ATPase活性及其基因表达量、光合磷酸化活性、ATP含量、植株相对生长速率(RGR)和叶片净光合速率(Pn),研究酸雨胁迫下孕穗期、灌浆期水稻叶绿体ATP酶的变化及其对植物光合作用影响的机理。结果表明,p H=4.5酸雨使孕穗期水稻RGR、Pn、叶片ATP质量比和光合磷酸化活性均显著提高,灌浆期上述指标变化不明显;p H=3.5和p H=2.5酸雨使上述指标均下降,且随酸雨p H值降低,变幅增加。p H=4.5酸雨使孕穗期、灌浆期水稻ATP合酶基因表达量及Mg2+-ATPase活性升高;p H=3.5和p H=2.5的酸雨使孕穗期、灌浆期水稻ATP酶基因表达量减少,造成Mg2+-ATPase活性降低,且随酸雨p H值降低变幅增加。可以认为,酸雨通过影响ATP酶转录水平,改变Mg2+-ATPase活性、光合磷酸化活性和叶片ATP质量比,进而影响Pn,并最终影响植物生长发育。酸雨胁迫对孕穗期水稻生长发育及光合作用有低促高抑的剂量效应,而低强度酸雨对灌浆期水稻影响不明显。与灌浆期相比,孕穗期对酸雨胁迫较敏感,表明植物不同生长发育阶段对酸雨胁迫响应存在差异,此发现应成为评价酸雨影响植物的一个因素。     

节能环保产业公司融资效率研究——基于四阶段DEA-Malmquist模型

在经典的DEA模型的基础上进行了修正,采用四阶段DEA模型,旨在剔除环境控制变量对效率测度结果的影响.同时,在DEA模型的基础上引入Malmquist指数分析法,以弥补DEA模型无法测度面板数据的缺陷.选取了2012年-2014年A股节能环保上市公司的面板数据,测度了样本的融资效率及三年的融资效率变化情况,结果表明:资源循环利用行业的融资效率最高,其次是环保行业,融资效率最低的是节能行业.样本企业总体的融资效率每年都在增长,但增长速度开始放缓.     

关于工业类建设项目设计阶段环境监理的探讨

工业类项目因其自身特点而成为环境监理的重点,环境监理工作主要分为设计阶段、施工阶段和试生产阶段,鉴于项目设计阶段在工业类环境监理工作中的重要作用,论述了工业类项目设计阶段环境监理的依据和要点.通过环境监理单位在实际项目设计阶段环境监理过程中发现和解决问题的案例,对工业类项目设计阶段的环境监理工作的作用进行了分析和总结.同时,对小型项目单独开展设计阶段环境监理以及环境监理工作的及早介入等提出了展望.     

四川色达县切都柯沟“7.8”泥石流灾害特征及危险性分析

2004年7月8日四川色达县歌乐沱乡切都柯沟发生了中等规模泥石流,最大流速10.4m/s,洪峰流量156m3/s,冲出方量约7×104m3,造成了一定的财产损失。泥石流稠度大,冲击力强,具有明显的直进性特征,为粘性泥石流。切都柯沟泥石流发育阶段为壮年(偏幼)期。切都柯沟为中度危险的泥石流沟,该沟一次泥石流最大堆积危险范围39902m2,最大堆积长度284m,最大堆积厚度4.32m。提出了相应的防治措施:一是在滑坡崩塌处进行加固,采取沟岸护坡等措施;二是在沟谷上游修建谷坊、拦挡坝,以降低流速,削减泥石流能量和规模。     

Study on the early stage of runaway reaction using Dewar vessels

In this paper, compared with a UN cylindrical 500 mL Dewar (H.4 in the UN tests), a spherical 1 L Dewar vessel was used to study the early stages of runaway reactions of several liquid and solid samples, including three organic peroxides and a reactive material. The samples were filled in the vessels and the temperature profiles versus times at different positions of the samples were measured. As a result, the minimum temperatures, defined as the SADT, were averagely 10 K lower than those measured in the cylindrical Dewar vessels. At the same time, the temperature profiles of solids in the spherical Dewars tended to be homogeneous. The heat transfer coefficient of a spherical Dewar is only 0.18 W/K/m, one-eighth of a conventional cylindrical Dewar vessel. Meanwhile it has a low phi factor. These factors are essential to simulate low heat loss bulk conditions in the equilibrium process and at the early stage of a runaway reaction. To characterize the ability of the adiabaticity of a storage vessel, it can be seen that a spherical Dewar could simulate the plant process having critical storage size of a reactive-material, r₀, approximately 0.6 m. It is recommended that such a technique is used to investigate the SADT of an unstable material in larger scale packaging or a material with very weak heat release in industry.     

建筑火灾增长阶段室内温度的时间特性研究

为研究建筑火灾增长阶段室内温度的时间变化规律,提出了高温烟气的主要几种热损失的计算方法,发展了受火室与未受火室及环境的热平衡方程,并采用牛顿-拉菲尔森法迭代得到受火室的温度变化.计算了慢速、中速、快速、超快速四种火灾增长速率下,受火室气相温度及烟气热损失随时间的变化.本文的研究方法及有关结果可以为建筑防火及安全疏散提供有力依据.